{"id":2208,"date":"2021-12-01T14:33:02","date_gmt":"2021-12-01T13:33:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monblogeur.tech\/index.php\/2021\/12\/01\/12-big-tech-experts-explain-how-to-fix-facebook-vox-com\/"},"modified":"2021-12-01T14:33:02","modified_gmt":"2021-12-01T13:33:02","slug":"12-big-tech-experts-explain-how-to-fix-facebook-vox-com","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monblogeur.tech\/index.php\/2021\/12\/01\/12-big-tech-experts-explain-how-to-fix-facebook-vox-com\/","title":{"rendered":"12 Big Tech experts explain how to fix Facebook &#8211; Vox.com"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"cfbc967f0983488262956e73eca9483a\" data-index=\"1\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3859091246952232\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- blok -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3859091246952232\" data-ad-slot=\"1334354390\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\n<\/div>\n<p>Can Facebook be redeemed? Twelve leading experts share bold solutions to the company\u2019s urgent problems.<br \/>     Uncovering and explaining how our digital world is changing \u2014 and changing us.   <\/p>\n<p>Facebook is broken, and after a recent deluge of damning internal company leaks to the press and Congress, the world has unassailable proof of how troubled it really is.<br \/>Almost 2 billion people around the world use a product owned by Meta (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/recode\/22761598\/facebook-facial-recognition-meta\">formerly called Facebook<\/a>), including WhatsApp and Instagram, every day. For many of its users, the nearly $1 trillion valuation company <em>is<\/em> the internet and their primary platform for communication and information. Millions of us are dependent on its products in one way or another. <br \/>So what can be done to fix Facebook? Or is it past the point of fixing?<br \/>The documents leaked by employee whistleblower Frances Haugen, which were first <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/the-facebook-files-11631713039\">reported by the Wall Street Journal<\/a> in late September, revealed a host of problems: how Facebook-owned Instagram can be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/facebook-knows-instagram-is-toxic-for-teen-girls-company-documents-show-11631620739\">detrimental to teenagers\u2019 mental health<\/a>, how the company<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/facebook-mark-zuckerberg-vaccinated-11631880296\"> struggled to contain erroneous anti-vaccine Covid-19 content<\/a> posted by its users, and how <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/technology\/2021\/10\/22\/jan-6-capitol-riot-facebook\/\">political extremism spread on the platform<\/a> leading up to the January 6 Capitol riot. The documents Haugen leaked also showed that Facebook was seemingly aware of serious harms caused by its products, but in many cases failed to sufficiently address them.<br \/>In a statement, Facebook spokesperson Drew Pusateri responded in part: \u201cWe take steps to keep people safe even if it impacts our bottom line. To say we turn a blind eye to feedback ignores these investments, which includes the over $5 billion we\u2019re on track to spend this year alone on safety and security, as well as the 40,000 people working on these issues at Facebook.\u201d<br \/>For years, Congress has debated how and if it should regulate Facebook and other major social media products like Twitter, TikTok, Snapchat, and Google-owned YouTube. Outside researchers have been raising concerns about how the potentially grave long-term consequences of these <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/recode\/2021\/6\/26\/22550981\/carl-bergstrom-joe-bak-coleman-biologists-ecologists-social-media-risk-humanity-research-academics\">platforms may be harming society at large<\/a>. American users across the political spectrum have become <a href=\"https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/poll\/329666\/views-big-tech-worsen-public-wants-regulation.aspx\">increasingly suspicious of Big Tech<\/a>. And even Facebook itself has said it welcomes regulation (while at the same time saying it\u2019s against some regulation efforts, like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/06\/22\/technology\/amazon-apple-google-facebook-antitrust-bills.html\">strengthening antitrust laws<\/a>). But so far, federal bills to regulate privacy, competition, or other aspects of social media businesses have gone nowhere. <br \/>Now, the gravity of the new reporting about Facebook \u2014 particularly the research about Instagram\u2019s harm to teenagers \u2014 is leading many Republicans and Democrats to agree that even if their political motivations are different, something must be done to rein in Facebook.<br \/>And it\u2019s not just Congress that\u2019s thinking about Facebook\u2019s problems and how to deal with them, it\u2019s also social scientists, the company\u2019s former and current employees, policy experts, and the many people who use its services.<br \/>Even Facebook says it is seeking guidance on how to address some of its problems. The company says that, for two and a half years, it has been calling for updated regulations on its business.<br \/>\u201cEvery day, we make difficult decisions on where to draw lines between free expression and harmful speech, privacy, security, and other issues, and we use both our own research and research from outside experts to improve our products and policies,\u201d wrote Pusateri. \u201cBut we should not be making these decisions on our own which is why for years we\u2019ve been advocating for updated regulations where democratic governments set industry standards to which we can all adhere.\u201d<br \/>So now is an urgent time to explore ideas old and new \u2014 inside and outside the realm of political reality \u2014 about how to confront a seemingly intractable problem: Can Facebook be fixed?<br \/>To try to answer that question, Recode interviewed 12 of the leading thinkers and leaders on Facebook today: from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2019\/2\/10\/18205386\/amy-klobuchar-2020-tech-policy-antitrust-minnesota\">Sen. Amy Klobuchar<\/a>, who is leading new Senate legislation to update antitrust laws for the tech sector; to Stanford Internet Observatory <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chathamhouse.org\/publications\/the-world-today\/2021-02\/interview-renee-diresta\">researcher Renee DiResta,<\/a> who was one of the first researchers to study viral misinformation on the platform; to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2020\/08\/31\/facebook-vp-brian-boland-in-charge-of-partnership-data-resigns.html\">former Facebook executive Brian Boland<\/a>, who was one of the few high-ranking employees at the company to speak out publicly against Facebook\u2019s business practices.<br \/>First, most believe that Facebook can be fixed, or at least that some of its issues are possible to improve. Their ideas are wide-ranging, with some more ambitious and unexpected than others. But common themes emerge in many of their answers that reveal a growing consensus about what Facebook needs to change and a few different paths that regulators and the company itself could take to make it happen: <br \/>Other approaches proposed by interviewed experts are more incremental, like redesigning Facebook\u2019s Groups, a part of the app that has been a breeding ground for conspiracy movements like QAnon, anti-vaccine activism, and extremist political events.<br \/>The interviews were conducted separately. In each, Recode asked, \u201cHow would you fix Facebook?\u201d Each expert defined on their own what they believe are Facebook\u2019s biggest problems, as well as how they would fix them. Recode then asked follow-up questions based on the interviewees\u2019 answers. These interviews have been combined, condensed, and edited for length and clarity.<br \/>Their answers are in no way a comprehensive list of all the possible solutions to Facebook\u2019s problems, and many of them would be difficult to achieve anytime soon. But they offer a thoughtful start during a pivotal moment, as millions of people are reconsidering the bargain they agree to each time they use the company\u2019s products.<br \/>Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) has long been a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2019\/2\/10\/18205386\/amy-klobuchar-2020-tech-policy-antitrust-minnesota\">leader in Congress calling for regulation of the social media industry<\/a>, on topics from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2017\/10\/19\/16503006\/facebook-google-twitter-russia-senate-political-ads\">political advertising<\/a> to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/recode\/2021\/7\/22\/22588829\/amy-klobuchar-health-misinformation-act-section-230-covid-19-facebook-twitter-youtube-social-media\">health misinformation<\/a>. In October, Klobuchar <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/technology\/2021\/10\/14\/klobuchar-grassley-antitrust-bill\/\">introduced a Senate antitrust bill<\/a> aimed at stopping major tech platforms from using their power to unfairly disadvantage competitors. Klobuchar also is the chair and top-ranking Democrat on the Senate antitrust committee.<br \/><strong>How would you fix Facebook?<\/strong><br \/>\u200b\u200bFirst, federal privacy law. Second, protecting kids online. Third, antitrust updates [and] law changes, to make our laws as sophisticated as the companies that are now in our economy. And then finally, doing something about the algorithms. <br \/><strong>Can you explain what you would do in each of those areas?<\/strong><br \/>People have to opt in if they want their data shared. When Apple recently gave their users a decision about whether to have their data tracked, 75 percent did not opt in. And that is what you would see across platforms, if it actually was a clear choice. Which it never is \u2014 it\u2019s very confusing. <br \/>Secondly, protecting kids online, that would include not only expanding the protections from the Children\u2019s Online Privacy Protection Act. <br \/>You can\u2019t doubt that Facebook developed an innovative product. Yes, they did. But they clearly haven\u2019t been able to compete with the times in terms of what innovations could protect people from the problems they\u2019re having now, like for parents that don\u2019t want to get their kids hooked. <br \/>So my argument is that by allowing the antitrust laws to actually work and be updated, then you\u2019re going to be able to look at some of these past mergers, like Instagram. <br \/>And here, we\u2019re not talking about \u201cdestroying\u201d Facebook or all these dramatic words, we\u2019re talking about looking at the industry as a whole and figuring out if we need to update our competition laws, to track everything from what\u2019s happening with the app stores to what\u2019s happening with the platforms when it comes to selling stuff, so that they cannot be preferencing their own content and discriminating against competitors. I believe that is one, but not the only way; using the marketplace to push innovations and responsiveness to these problems. <br \/><strong>How would you reform Section 230?<\/strong><br \/>The one where we need to do the most work to figure out while still respecting free speech is [why] they\u2019ve got total immunity when they amplify [harmful] stuff. <br \/>I already have a bill out there to get rid of the immunity for vaccine misinformation during a health crisis, as well as one that [Sen. Mark] Warner\u2019s (D-VA) leading with Mazie Hirono (D-HI) and myself, which is about discrimination, violent conduct, and civil rights violations and the like.<br \/><strong>Do you think Facebook can really change with Mark Zuckerberg in charge?<\/strong><br \/>Have I been impressed by how he\u2019s handled this latest crisis? No. He went sailing and issued posts from his boat. Basically he was saying, \u201cYeah, we\u2019ll look at this,\u201d but we got a whole week of no apologies. And that\u2019s fine. He can choose not to apologize. That\u2019s up to him. That\u2019s a PR decision. But I think we are beyond expecting that he\u2019s going to make the changes or whoever\u2019s in charge of Facebook is going to make the changes. I think it\u2019s time for us to act. <br \/>Matt Stoller is a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/profile\/matt-stoller\">leading critic of monopoly power in the US economy<\/a>, particularly in tech. He\u2019s the author of the book <em>Goliath: The 100-Year War Between Monopoly Power and Democracy<\/em>.  <br \/><strong>How would you fix Facebook?<\/strong><br \/>One, I would send Mark Zuckerberg to jail for securities fraud and advertising fraud. Maybe Sheryl Sandberg too, for insider trading. There, you have a cultural lawlessness, and you have to address that it\u2019s a threat to the law. So we\u2019ve got to start there. <br \/>They lied to advertisers around their reach. And that caused advertisers to spend more money on Facebook than they would have. And with these advertising frauds, they decided not to tell investors. [Editor\u2019s note: Facebook has been <a href=\"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2017\/09\/06\/technology\/business\/facebook-ad-reach-census\/index.html\">sued by advertisers for allegedly inflating key metrics<\/a> around how many of its users <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2021\/02\/18\/tech\/facebook-ad-reach-lawsuit\/index.html\">actually see advertisements companies<\/a> pay for.]<br \/>Then, No. 2, I would break up the firm. The mergers of Instagram and WhatsApp are illegal and they should be unwound. That would create more fair competition in the social media market. And when firms compete, they usually have to compete by differentiating their product around quality. I would also break up their advertising. I would also sever Facebook\u2019s ads subsidiary. [Editor\u2019s note:<strong> <\/strong>Together with Google, Facebook\u2019s advertising business represents <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-alphabet-facebook-advertising\/google-facebook-have-tight-grip-on-growing-u-s-online-ad-market-report-idUSKCN1T61IV\">a majority of all advertisements sold online in the US<\/a>. Some have proposed separating these companies\u2019 advertising business lines from their other lines of business to increase competition.]<br \/>And No. 3, set clear rules of the road for the industry around advertising. Just ban surveillance advertising. When I think about the problem, I look at it and I say, \u201cOkay, this is a firm that has an advertising model that is based on undermining social stability.\u201d They break the law and use legal power to fortify and protect their business model. So you have to address that. That\u2019s the problem that I see. <br \/><strong>Why do you think criminal liabilities for Mark Zuckerberg is a higher priority than breaking antitrust?<\/strong><br \/>Antitrust or any regulatory policy is going to take several years to really go into force. And these guys just don\u2019t care. They don\u2019t care what the government does. They simply don\u2019t believe that anything will affect them. And the only way to address that problem is to actually bring the problem straight to them. And that means sanctioning them personally: threatening to take away their freedom for violating the law. You have to make the stakes real. <br \/>The point here isn\u2019t that Mark Zuckerberg is a bad guy. The point here is that you have a culture of lawlessness at the firm. <br \/>Brian Boland is one of the few former Facebook executives to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.msn.com\/en-us\/news\/jpbreaking\/former-facebook-exec-urges-the-company-to-be-more-transparent\/vi-AAMipwo\">publicly criticize the company<\/a> for its business practices, arguing that Facebook needs to be more transparent about the proliferation of viral misinformation and other harmful content on its platform. Boland was a vice president of partnerships and marketing, and worked at the company for 11 years. <br \/><strong>How would you fix Facebook?<\/strong><br \/>We need to dramatically improve the safety and privacy of the platform. This breaks down into at least three things \u2014 the creation of a fully empowered regulatory body that has oversight over digital companies, reforms of Section 230, and meaningful transparency. <br \/>The one thing that Facebook could control right now is transparency. Helping society understand the harms on social media is an important step for fixing the problems. Twitter just shared research data on which political content gets more distribution on Twitter. That\u2019s a great step where they are taking the lead. <br \/><strong>Why is a regulatory body so important?<\/strong><br \/>A regulatory body is in line with how we\u2019ve generally worked in the United States when we\u2019ve wanted to rein in industries that are out of control. The same way that we build building codes, that we regulate the chemicals industry. The food supply used to be unsafe, but then the FDA was created to make it safe. If you think about your car that you\u2019re getting in every day, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration keeps you safe by making sure the car is safe. <br \/>So the things that we need to do for digital is just like all the other regulation that we\u2019ve done before. That still gives people the great products, right? You still have awesome cars, you still have amazing food, and there\u2019s chemicals you use every day in your life. And the building that you\u2019re in right now is not going to collapse. We just need to do the same thing with digital platforms and services and have that regulatory body and oversight to understand what\u2019s harmful and broken, and then the regulatory authority to mandate fixing those things.<br \/><strong>How would you go about making data more transparent?<\/strong><br \/>I think you start to make data feeds of public data available, in the same way that you have engagement data available in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/07\/14\/technology\/facebook-data.html\">CrowdTangle<\/a>. But you ensure that it spans the globe and has metrics like reach and engagement and distribution, so people can see what gets recommended [and] goes viral.<br \/>Algorithms aren\u2019t good or bad, they just promote things based on the way they\u2019ve been initially coded, and then what they learn along the way, so it\u2019s not like people deeply understand what algorithms do or why they do it.<br \/><strong>What would you change in Section 230?<\/strong><br \/>There are two important elements for me: including a provision for a duty of care and removing protections of what algorithms amplify. A duty-of-care provision would ensure that Section 230 doesn\u2019t remove the responsibility of platforms to reduce harms to their customers. This wouldn\u2019t require that every harmful act is removed, but that the platforms take meaningful steps to reduce harm.<br \/>For the second part, we can ensure that we protect people\u2019s free speech on platforms like Facebook, but actually hold the platforms accountable for what they choose to amplify. These algorithms take actions that make some speech heard far more than other speech. Facebook has control over its algorithms and should not be protected from the harms those algorithms can create. <br \/><strong>Do you think Facebook can be reformed with Mark Zuckerberg at the helm?<\/strong><br \/>There\u2019s a chance, with strong regulatory oversight, that they\u2019ll be forced to change \u2014 but his nature is not to move in this direction. If we want Facebook and Instagram to be responsible and safer, then I don\u2019t think you can have him and the current leadership team leading the company.<br \/>Roger McNamee is an early Facebook investor and former adviser to Mark Zuckerberg. He <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2019\/12\/02\/big-techs-big-defector\">famously changed his opinion of the company<\/a> after he saw what he believed were serious failures in its leadership and business priorities. <br \/><strong>How would you fix Facebook?<\/strong><br \/>In my opinion, you need to have three forms of legislative relief. You need to address safety, you need to adjust privacy, and you need to address competition. If Facebook were to disappear tomorrow, 100 companies would compete to fill the void, doing all the same horrible things Facebook is doing. So whatever solutions we craft must be broad enough that they prevent that from happening.<br \/>On safety, I recommend that the government create an agency, analogous to the Food and Drug Administration, that would set guidelines for which technologies should be allowed to come to market at all, and what rules they would have to follow to create a commercial product and then to remain in the market.<br \/><strong>How do you address privacy issues? <\/strong><br \/>My mentor and friend <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/books\/2019\/oct\/04\/shoshana-zuboff-surveillance-capitalism-assault-human-automomy-digital-privacy\">Shoshana Zuboff<\/a> said this best, which is that surveillance capitalism is as morally flawed as child labor, and should be banned for the same reason. <br \/>The starting place would be to ban any third-party use of location, health, financial, app usage, web browsing, and whatever other categories of intimate data are out there. <br \/><strong>You used to have a relationship with Mark Zuckerberg as an early investor. Do you have any confidence that the company can be fixed under his leadership?<\/strong><br \/>I think this is the wrong question, if you don\u2019t mind my saying so. I think that the underlying issue here is, we tell CEOs that their only job is to maximize shareholder value. It used to be that you told CEOs that they had to find a balance between shareholders, employees, the communities where employees live (including the country where they live), and its customers and suppliers. They had five constituents, and now we only have one [shareholders]. And so it\u2019s important to recognize that a big part of what\u2019s wrong here is that we have operated in an environment where we just applied the incorrect set of incentives to managers in any field, and Mark has just been more successful than other people in creating a product that took advantage of the complete absence of rules. <br \/>Benedict Evans is one of the tech industry\u2019s leading analysts and thinkers on the business of social media. He is an independent analyst, and used to work for the venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz, an early investor in Facebook.<br \/><strong>Do you think anything else needs to be done to fix many of the problems Facebook is criticized for? And if so, what do you think should be done?<\/strong><br \/>We are clearly on a path toward regulatory requirements around content moderation both in the EU and the UK. I don\u2019t know how you could do that in a way that could be reconciled with the American Constitution \u2014 it sounds like a legal requirement to remove speech. <br \/>You can believe that there\u2019s a lot of nonsense talked about Facebook and also believe that it has huge problems, isn\u2019t on top of them, and doesn\u2019t have the incentive structures right. But it\u2019s amazing to me how much of the press and how many politicians completely ignore YouTube, which has almost exactly the same problems. <br \/><strong>Why do you think breaking up Facebook is not the right response?<\/strong><br \/>What is the theory for why changing who owns Instagram would stop teenage girls from looking at self-harm content, and for that content being shared and suggested? Why would the dynamics change? Such a move certainly would not make it any easier to compete with Instagram, just as making YouTube a separate company would not make it any easier to make a new video-sharing site. The network effects are internal to the product, not the ownership. It also wouldn\u2019t change the business model.<br \/>To take an analogy from another generation, there are all sorts of problems with cars, and they kill people, but that doesn\u2019t make it sensible to compare them with tobacco. And we can punish GM for shipping a car it knows will blow up in a low-speed rear collision, but we can\u2019t make it stop teenage boys getting drunk and driving too fast. Not everything is an antitrust problem, and most policy problems are complicated and full of trade-offs. Tech policy isn\u2019t any simpler than education policy or health care policy. <br \/>I often think the sloganeering around \u201cbreak them up!\u201d and indeed, the new comparison of tech to tobacco, is displacement: People are hunting for simple slogans and easy answers that let you avoid having to grapple with the complexity of the issues.<br \/>In the US, the cult of the First Amendment makes this even harder. The US cannot pass laws requiring social media companies to remove X or Y, whereas the UK and EU are already well on the way to passing such laws, which makes \u201cbreak them up\u201d an even stronger form of displacement \u2014 it\u2019s what you can do as a US politician, rather than what can work. <br \/>Rep. Ken Buck (R-CO) is a leading Republican in Congress on regulating tech. He <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/recode\/2020\/10\/6\/21505027\/congress-big-tech-antitrust-report-facebook-google-amazon-apple-mark-zuckerberg-jeff-bezos-tim-cook\">co-led the historic congressional investigation into Big Tech and antitrust<\/a> which finished last year, and has been one of the most senior members of his party to join with Democrats in bipartisan legislation to strengthen antitrust laws.<br \/><strong>How would you fix Facebook?<\/strong><br \/>The obvious dangers of the platform are that bad people can use it for evil purposes. And then there are other unintended consequences where good people use it and are harmed through no fault of their own, but just because of the psychological impact. <br \/>When there\u2019s a study that shows that something was dangerous with a car or with a food product, there\u2019s a recall. <br \/>Facebook should be able to recall its product and to ameliorate the damages that are done before it goes too far. And they didn\u2019t do that. Part of it has to be a personnel issue with leadership and the failure of leadership.<br \/><strong>What\u2019s the personnel issue? What changes would you make there?<\/strong><br \/>I think that people who were in the know and realized that there was an increase in teen suicide rates, and that there was a relationship between their product and that increase \u2014 and they continued doing what they did \u2014 should be held criminally liable.<br \/><strong>And as a member of Congress, what can you do? What are you doing to try to hold those people responsible?<\/strong><br \/>I think that the role of Congress is to examine the situation \u2014 which we did with a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/recode\/2020\/10\/6\/21505027\/congress-big-tech-antitrust-report-facebook-google-amazon-apple-mark-zuckerberg-jeff-bezos-tim-cook\">16-month investigation on the antitrust subcommittee<\/a> \u2014 [and] expose the problems. And obviously, we saw things from the outside that now the whistleblower has confirmed from the inside with very damaging documents. <br \/>Two, trying to fix the situation which we are in with antitrust laws, and perhaps with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/recode\/2020\/5\/28\/21273241\/section-230-explained-trump-social-media-twitter-facebook\">reforms to Section 230<\/a>. [Editor\u2019s note: Section 230 is a landmark internet law that shields social media companies from being sued for most kinds of illegal activity committed by their users]. And then No. 3, it\u2019s really up to the executive branch to make a decision on whether there is criminal liability, civil liability, and how to proceed.<br \/><strong>Do you think Facebook should be broken up into separate companies?<\/strong><br \/>I\u2019m not sure that breaking up Facebook from Instagram makes as much sense as having other companies that are competing with Facebook and Instagram, in trying to innovate better and, frankly, offer parents an alternative. <br \/>I\u2019m absolutely opposed to regulation. I don\u2019t think the government should say, \u201cThis is appropriate speech in the newspaper or on Facebook or on Twitter.\u201d I don\u2019t think the government should say, \u201cThis is a feature that is positive or negative.\u201d I think we\u2019ve got to give consumers a choice. I think we make much more rational decisions when consumers make that choice.<br \/>When someone associates the word regulation with me, they think I\u2019m going crazy. When they associate the words \u201ccompetition in the marketplace\u201d with me, they\u2019re thinking, \u201cOh, okay, now I understand.\u201d <br \/><strong>Do you think that Facebook can be fixed with Mark Zuckerberg at the helm?<\/strong><br \/>I think he has to take full responsibility and either take himself out of the picture, and others out of the picture, or make sure that changes are made so that he\u2019s getting better information to make better decisions. But Facebook cannot continue to exist, should not continue to exist, the way they have.<br \/>Rashad Robinson is the president of Color of Change, a civil rights advocacy group that co-led a historic <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/recode\/2020\/6\/17\/21294451\/facebook-ads-misinformation-racism-naacp-civil-rights\">advertiser boycott against Facebook<\/a> last June in protest of the proliferation of hate speech on the platform.  <br \/><strong>How would you fix Facebook?<\/strong><br \/>I would have Instagram and WhatsApp owned by other people. And so I would shrink it.<br \/>And I would create real consequences and liability to its business model for the harm that it causes. And I would force Facebook to actually have to pay reparations for <a href=\"https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2018\/02\/03\/facebooks-siren-call\/\">the harm they have done to local independent media<\/a>, and to all the sorts of institutions that their sort of platform has destroyed.<br \/><strong>Do you think you\u2019ve seen progress since you helped lead the boycott against Facebook?<\/strong><br \/>At that time [of the boycott], we didn\u2019t have any levers within the government. There was no one to ask at the White House to get involved in this. Now a year has happened and we have a Biden administration. And so my demands are not to Facebook anymore, my demands are to the Biden administration and to Congress, and to tell them that they actually have to do their jobs, that we have outsized harm being done by this platform, and they actually have to do something about it.<br \/><strong>What would real consequences look like for Facebook?<\/strong><br \/>I\u2019m not the numbers guy, but I do think [the consequences that] we\u2019ve seen in the past from the FTC and other places have been the equivalent of a maybe expensive night out for [Facebook]. [Editor\u2019s note: In 2019, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/recode\/2019\/7\/24\/20708359\/facebook-ftc-settlement-criticism-5-billion-privacy-review-antitrust-mark-zuckerberg\">the FTC fined Facebook $5 billion<\/a> for its privacy failures in the Cambridge Analytica scandal. While it was a record-breaking fine imposed by the FTC, it failed to hinder <a href=\"https:\/\/qz.com\/1674242\/facebook-isnt-fazed-by-the-ftcs-massive-fine-earnings-show\/\">Facebook\u2019s financial performance<\/a> and growth.]<br \/>I think that surveillance marketing on these platforms, combined with these platforms being able to have Section 230, that has to end \u2014 you can\u2019t have it both ways. [Editor\u2019s note: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/beyond-the-beyond\/2018\/11\/twenty-years-surveillance-marketing\/\">Surveillance marketing<\/a>, or <a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/03\/harvard-professor-says-surveillance-capitalism-is-undermining-democracy\/\">surveillance capitalism<\/a>, is a pejorative name for business models \u2014 such as those that underpin Facebook and Google \u2014 that track people\u2019s online behavior to target specific advertisements to them.] <br \/><strong>Do you think Facebook can be fixed with Mark Zuckerberg in charge?<\/strong><br \/>The current leadership lacks the sort of moral integrity to be the type of problem solvers our society needs. And the sooner they deal with the structures that have allowed them to be in charge, the better for all of us. But to be clear, this moment we are in \u2014 the story will be told in generations about who Mark Zuckerberg is and what he has done. And Mark Zuckerberg will always want to play by a different set of rules. He believes he can. He\u2019s built a system for that.<br \/>Nate Persily co-founded an academic partnership program with Facebook in 2018, called <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/facebook-gives-researchers-full-access-for-election-studies-1531348942?mod=article_inline\">Social Science One<\/a>, which aimed to give researchers studying the real-world effects of social media unprecedented access to otherwise private Facebook data. <br \/>In 2020, Persily resigned from the program. He has since discussed the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/22622070\/facebook-data-covid-19-vaccine-misinformation-researchers-access-nyu-academics\">limitations of voluntary programs like Social Science One<\/a> and is calling for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/outlook\/2021\/10\/05\/facebook-research-data-haugen-congress-regulation\/\">legislation to mandate companies like Facebook to share more information<\/a> with outside researchers.<br \/><strong>How would you fix Facebook?<\/strong><br \/>The internet platforms have lost their right to secrecy. They simply are too big and too powerful. They cannot operate in secret like a lot of other corporations. And so they have an obligation to give access to their data to outsiders. <br \/>I have been working on this for five years. I\u2019ve tried to do it with Facebook, and I\u2019ve become convinced that legislation is the only answer.<br \/><strong>And why do you think this is the first of Facebook\u2019s problems to fix?<\/strong><br \/>There is a fundamental disagreement between conventional wisdom and what the platforms are saying on any number of these issues. <br \/>That\u2019s where the Haugen revelations are so momentous. It\u2019s not just that you see quasi-salacious stuff about what\u2019s happening on the platforms \u2014 it\u2019s that you actually get a window into what they have access to and the kind of studies that they can perform. And then you start saying, \u201cWell, look, if outsiders with public spirit had access to the data, think about what we could learn right now.\u201d <br \/>Of course, all of this has to be done in a privacy-protected way to make sure that there\u2019s no repeat of another Cambridge Analytica \u2014 and that\u2019s where the devil is in the details. <br \/><strong>Why should the average person care about Facebook being transparent with its data with researchers?<\/strong><br \/>If you think that these platforms are the cause of any number of social problems stretching from anorexia to genocide, then we cannot trust their representations as to whether social media is innocent or guilty of committing these problems or contributing to these problems. And so [transparency] is a prerequisite to any kind of policy intervention in any of these areas, as well as actions by civil society. So part of it is informing governments and policymakers, but some of it is also informing us about what the dangers are on the platforms and how we can act to prevent them. <br \/>Transparency is a meta problem, if you will. It is the linchpin to studying every other problem as to the harms that social media is wreaking on society. And let me also say, we should be prepared for the possibility that when we do have access to the data, the truth is going to be not as bad as people think. <br \/>The story could be a much more complicated one than that algorithms are manipulating people into doing things that they otherwise wouldn\u2019t do.<br \/><strong>How do you make sure that Facebook is transparent with the data? <\/strong><br \/>It\u2019s quite simple. The FTC, working with the National Science Foundation, shall develop a program for vetted researchers and research projects, and shall compel the platforms to share the data with those researchers in a privacy-protected format. The data will reside at the firms [and will] not be given over to the federal government, so that we prevent another Cambridge Analytica. <br \/>It\u2019s also not just about requiring data transparency [with researchers]. We should require [social media platforms] to disclose certain things to the public that are not privacy-dangerous. Basically, something like, \u201cWhat are the most popular stories and popular links on Facebook each day?\u201d That is not privacy-endangering.<br \/>Massachusetts Sen. Ed Markey, a Democrat, has been a key congressional voice on online privacy for children for over two decades. He co-introduced <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ftc.gov\/news-events\/press-releases\/1999\/04\/childrens-online-privacy-proposed-rule-issued-ftc\">the Children\u2019s Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998 (COPPA)<\/a>, a law requiring tech companies to obtain parental consent \u201cbefore collecting, using, or disclosing personal information from children\u201d under 13. Today, he\u2019s focused on updating COPPA and making broader reforms to the tech industry.<br \/><strong>How would you fix Facebook?<\/strong><br \/>No. 1, I will pass the Child Online Privacy Protection Act 2.0. I was the author of that law in 1998 that\u2019s been used to protect children in company after company. We have to upgrade that law in order to pass a long-overdue bill of rights for kids and for teens, so that kids under 16 get the same protection as kids under 13.<br \/>I would say [we should also] ban targeted ads to children and create an online eraser button, so parents and children can tell companies to delete the troves of data that they have collected about young people. And to have a cybersecurity protection requirement for kids and teens.<br \/>Because it\u2019s obvious that Facebook only cares about children to the extent to which they are of monetary value.<br \/><strong>Why children\u2019s privacy first over many issues that Facebook has, like misinformation?<\/strong><br \/>Kids are uniquely vulnerable. And we adults need to make sure that their data is not being used in ways that are harmful to them.<br \/>Facebook won\u2019t protect young people. It can\u2019t be voluntary any longer; it does not work.<br \/><strong>Do you think Facebook can be fixed with Mark Zuckerberg at the helm?<\/strong><br \/>I think regardless of who is running Facebook, we have to put a new, tough regulatory scheme in place in the event that Mark Zuckerberg leaves and his successor has the exact same philosophy. So we can\u2019t trust the institution. We have to trust our laws.<br \/><strong>Do you think Facebook should be broken up?<\/strong><br \/>I think that the antitrust process is something that should begin. But just breaking up Facebook won\u2019t solve the problems that we\u2019re discussing today. We need to pass an impressive set of laws that stop social media giants from invading our privacy.<br \/>Ren\u00e9e DiResta is a longtime <a href=\"https:\/\/fsi.stanford.edu\/people\/renee-diresta\">researcher of disinformation on social networks<\/a>. She <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/recode\/2021\/2\/16\/22280502\/google-dont-be-evil-land-of-the-giants-podcast\">advised Congress<\/a> on the role of foreign influence misinformation networks in the 2016 US elections. DiResta has also been one of the first social media researchers to track how anti-vaccine content and other kinds of false or extremist content spreads through Facebook Groups.<br \/><strong>How would you fix Facebook?<\/strong><br \/>Groups are probably the most broken things on the platform today.<br \/>If I could pick one thing to really focus on in the short term, it would be more sophisticated rethinking of groups and how people are recommended groups, and how groups are evaluated for inclusion and being promoted to other people.<br \/><strong>Why do you think fixing Groups is more important than, say, what people see in their news feed?<\/strong><br \/>Because [groups] are a very, very significant part of what you see in your feed.<br \/>QAnon came out of these groups that were recommended to people, and then they came to be places where people really felt that they had found new friends and, in a sense, that kind of insularity. They evolved into echo chambers, and the groups became deeply disruptive.<br \/>But Facebook did not appear to have sophisticated metrics for evaluating [if] what was happening within groups was healthy or not healthy. The challenge became: Once groups are formed, disbanding them is a pretty major step. Perhaps one example of this is the Stop the Steal group, which grew to several [hundreds of thousands of] people or more. [Editor\u2019s note: The Stop the Steal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/recode\/22221285\/trump-online-capitol-riot-far-right-parler-twitter-facebook\">Facebook group was one of the key platforms<\/a> where organizers of the January 6 Capitol riot prepared to march on Washington, DC.]<br \/><strong>How could Facebook better curate content?<\/strong><br \/>I think there are certain areas where [Groups] should largely be kept out of the recommendation engine entirely. I believe there are plenty of researchers who disagree with me, but I do believe that there are many areas where it\u2019s not a problem to allow the content to be on site \u2014 it\u2019s more a matter of it being amplified and pushed to new people.<br \/>[But] health misinformation actually kills people. Like, there is a non-theoretical harm that is very, very real. And that\u2019s where I argue for certain cases being treated distinctly differently. You\u2019re not going for six people being wrong on the internet, or at the local pub, or standing at the local corner with a bullhorn. That\u2019s not what we\u2019re going for. When we give people amplification, when we enable them to grow massive communities that trust in them [rather than] in authorities \u2014 which are institutions that actually have more accurate information \u2014 then we find ourselves in a situation where there are real negative impacts on real people in the real world. And so that question of, \u201cHow do we understand harms?\u201d is actually the guiding principle that we should be using to understand, \u201cHow do we rethink curation?\u201d<br \/>Katie Harbath spent 10 years working at Facebook, including as a public policy director on issues like election security. She left the company this March and is now the founder and CEO of tech policy consultancy Anchor Change.<br \/><strong>How would you fix Facebook?<\/strong><br \/>I think one of the struggles with Facebook right now is just people see Mark, hear Mark, or see the name Facebook, and they just don\u2019t trust anything that comes out of their mouths.<br \/>Are there changes in leadership at the top and fresh blood that are needed to help really give a new perspective, and really be somebody that people would listen to?<br \/><strong>Can you talk a little bit about organizational and structural problems at Facebook?<\/strong><br \/>Facebook\u2019s such a flat company, and they want to move fast. They\u2019re giving People [HR] employees different metrics because most of those are usually centered around growth. Then, when the Integrity team comes in and wants to make changes that might slow those numbers, you can get resistance. [Editor\u2019s note: The Integrity team at Facebook is responsible for assessing the misuses and unintended consequences of the platform.] Because that\u2019s what people\u2019s bonuses are attached to.<br \/>The tech world loves working in ones and zeros \u2014 they\u2019re very data-driven. Data wins arguments. But the problems that the Integrity team is working on aren\u2019t all data-centric. There\u2019s a lot of nuance. There\u2019s gonna be trade-offs. So if you\u2019ve got Integrity as a whole separate team, they\u2019re trying to go to another team and be like, \u201cHey, you should do this because it\u2019s gonna produce X, Y, and Z harms.\u201d But they\u2019re like, \u201cWell, that\u2019s gonna screw up my metric, and then I\u2019ll get a bad performance review.\u201d So you end up pitting teams against one another, like Integrity and Product.<br \/><strong>How would you fix that?<\/strong><br \/>There\u2019s no structural change that\u2019s perfect.<br \/>But is it right for Integrity to be under Growth? Should it be separate? Should it be better integrated into the product lifecycle? One of the things that came out of some of these <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/recode\/2019\/7\/24\/20708359\/facebook-ftc-settlement-criticism-5-billion-privacy-review-antitrust-mark-zuckerberg\">settlements around<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/technology-business-san-francisco-chicago-lawsuits-af6b42212e43be1b63b5c290eb5bfd85\">privacy<\/a> is that there are particular procedures that the company had to put into place in order to make privacy considerations from the very beginning. So are there elements of that, that need to be done with the Integrity team?<br \/>Derek Thompson writes about economics, technology, and the media. He\u2019s been writing about Facebook for several years, and his recent piece <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/ideas\/archive\/2021\/09\/social-media-attention-alcohol-booze-instagram-twitter\/620101\/\">comparing Facebook to \u201cattention alcohol\u201d<\/a> has sparked conversations about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wbur.org\/hereandnow\/2021\/09\/20\/social-media-use-time\">reframing how we think about social media<\/a>.<br \/><strong>How would you fix Facebook?<\/strong><br \/>One, I would treat social media the way we treat alcohol: have bans and clearer limitations on use among teenagers. And study the effects of social media on anxiety, depression, and negative social comparison. Two, I would continue to shame Facebook to edit its algorithm in a way that downshifts the emphasis on high-arousal emotions such as anger and outrage. And three, I would hire more people to focus not on misinformation in the US, but on the connection between mis- or disinformation and real-world violence in places outside the US, where real-world violence flowing from these Facebook products is a common phenomenon.<br \/><strong>What would it mean to treat Facebook the way we treat alcohol?<\/strong><br \/>The debate about Facebook is way too dichotomous. It\u2019s between one group that says Facebook is effectively evil, and another group that says Facebook is basically no big deal. And that leaves a huge space in the middle for people to treat Facebook the same way we think about alcohol. I love alcohol. I use alcohol all the time, the same way I use social media all the time. But [with alcohol], I also understand, based on decades of research and social norms, that there are ways to overdo it.<br \/>We have a social vocabulary around [alcohol] overuse and drinking and driving. We don\u2019t have a similar social vocabulary around social media. And social media can be very good as a social lubricant \u2014 and also dangerous as a compulsive product, as we have with alcohol. And that\u2019s why I see them as reasonably analogous.<br \/><strong>How would you change Facebook\u2019s algorithm?<\/strong><br \/>Facebook is both a mirror and a machine.  It holds up a high-quality mirror to human behavior and shows us a reflection that includes all of human kindness, and all of human generosity, and all of human hate, and all of human conspiracy theorizing, but it is also a machine that, through the accentuation of high-arousal emotions, brings forth or elicits the most outrage and the most conspiracy theorizing and the most absurd disinformation.<br \/>We can\u2019t fix the mirror \u2014 that would require fixing humanity. But we can fix the machine, and it\u2019s pretty clear to me that the Facebook algorithmic machine is optimized for surfacing outrage, indignation, hate, and other high-arousal negative emotions. I would like to see more research done not only by Facebook itself but also by any government, the NIH, maybe by Stanford and Harvard, on alternative ways of organizing the world\u2019s information [than] predominantly by the hybrid distribution of high-arousal negative emotions.<br \/><strong>Can you explain why addressing Facebook\u2019s issues in its operations outside the US is a priority problem that you would fix, and how you would fix that?<\/strong><br \/>Most tech critics are hysterically over-devoted to the problems of technology in America, when these tech companies touch billions of people outside of America. And we should spend more time thinking about their impact outside of the country where their headquarters are based. Most of Facebook\u2019s research into its negative effects, as I understand it, is focused on the effects of Facebook in the US. But we didn\u2019t have WhatsApp- and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/10\/15\/technology\/myanmar-facebook-genocide.html\">Facebook-inspired genocide<\/a> in the US.<br \/><strong>Correction, November 8, 9:40 am:<\/strong> A previous version of this story misstated the last name of Rashad Robinson, president of Color of Change.<br \/><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/vox.com\/pages\/support-now?itm_campaign=default&#038;itm_medium=article&#038;itm_source=article-footer\">Will you support Vox\u2019s explanatory journalism?<\/a><\/strong><br \/>     Millions turn to Vox to understand what\u2019s happening in the news. Our mission has never been more vital than it is in this moment: to empower through understanding. Financial contributions from our readers are a critical part of supporting our resource-intensive work and help us keep our journalism free for all. <a href=\"http:\/\/vox.com\/pages\/support-now?itm_campaign=default&#038;itm_medium=article&#038;itm_source=article-footer\"> Please consider making a contribution to Vox today to help us keep our work free for all<\/a>.   <br \/>Check your inbox for a welcome email.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/recode\/22762596\/how-to-fix-facebook-mark-zuckerberg\">source<\/a><\/p>\n<!--CusAds0-->\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Can Facebook be redeemed? Twelve leading experts share bold solutions to the company\u2019s urgent problems. Uncovering and explaining how our digital world is changing \u2014 and changing us. Facebook is broken, and after a recent deluge of damning internal company leaks to the press and Congress, the world has unassailable proof of how troubled it [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"googlesitekit_rrm_CAow1sXXCw:productID":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2208","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classe"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monblogeur.tech\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2208","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monblogeur.tech\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monblogeur.tech\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monblogeur.tech\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monblogeur.tech\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2208"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/monblogeur.tech\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2208\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monblogeur.tech\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2208"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monblogeur.tech\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2208"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monblogeur.tech\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2208"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}